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António de Oliveira Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar GCSE, GCIC, GCTE, GColIH ((:ɐ̃ˈtɔniu dɨ oliˈvɐjɾɐ sɐlɐˈzaɾ); 28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese politician and economist who served as Prime Minister of Portugal for 36 years, from 1932 to 1968. Salazar founded and led the ''Estado Novo'' ("New State"), the corporatist authoritarian government that ruled Portugal until 1974.
After the 28 May 1926 ''coup d'état'', with President Óscar Carmona's support, Salazar entered public life, initially as finance minister and later as prime minister. His ''Estado Novo'' would come to allow him vast power over Portugal. Opposed to democracy, communism, socialism, anarchism and liberalism, the ideology of Portugal was conservative and nationalist in nature under his rule. Salazar also favored and advocated for Catholicism, but argued the role of the Church was social, not political, and enabled the Concordat of 1940.
Salazar used police, censorship and suppression to quell opposition, especially that related to the Communist movement. He supported Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War, but kept Portugal neutral during World War II. The doctrine of Pluricontinentalism was the basis of his territorial policy, conceiving of the Portuguese Empire as a unified state that spanned multiple continents. During his rule, Portugal joined the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO), and began the Portuguese Colonial War. The ''Estado Novo'' would eventually collapse during the Carnation Revolution, four years after Salazar's death.
==Background==
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